Thirteen Springs on Ektar
Since moving to California, Kodak’s Ektar 100 has found its way into one camera or another each spring. Looking through thirteen years of images reminded me that I need to pick up a roll or two before summer arrives.
Since moving to California, Kodak’s Ektar 100 has found its way into one camera or another each spring. Looking through thirteen years of images reminded me that I need to pick up a roll or two before summer arrives.
I suppose the thought occurred to me first when, late last year, some of my favorite films were out of stock everywhere I looked. No Portra 400, no Pro Image 100, no Tri-X! And I thought about it again a few weeks ago when I visited one of my favorite camera shops and spent over a hundred bucks on a few rolls of film. As I got into my car and tossed the film into my camera bag, I did the math in my head. With processing and scanning, shooting my favorite C-41 film was going to cost me nearly $40 a roll all in. Photography as a hobby isn’t cheap and I have certainly blown wads of cash on expensive cameras and lenses, but as I see myself inching closer to retirement, I’m starting to become more frugal. The money I spent on this last batch of film kept poking at me. And not in a good way.
I am an old film dog but…I started considering digital photography. Again.
I’ve had my share of digital cameras and none of them have really given me the joy that shooting an old film camera does. I owned a Nikon D700 for a while and made some terrific pictures with it. But the Nikon DSLR was big and heavy and its controls and menus didn’t romance me, so I sold it.
Sonoma Coast, CA, Nikon D700 with Nikkor 50mm f/.14 AF-D
I also tried several Leica digital rangefinders, the M8, M9 and the Leica M-P (typ240). Those Leica lenses were spectacular, but I am not a rangefinder guy and I also always felt quite nervous carrying around that much money on my shoulder. Luckily, I sold every Leica I ever owned for a profit, so I recouped my investments after the Leica test drives.
Market Street, San Francisco, Leica M9 with 35 Summicron
So, was there a digital camera I could love?
I knew it needed to be small and light. I wanted a simple and easy-to-use photographer/camera interface with dials rather than multi-function buttons. Some digital cameras have menus that are science projects—I didn’t want to spend hours reading an owner’s manual. And because, based on my past history with digital, I wasn't sure how long this dance would last, I didn’t want to spend a fortune.
I considered the Nikon Df. I have many manual and auto-focus Nikkors and the Df reminds me a lot of my beloved Nikon FE camera. But I had taken a Df out on loan when the camera first came out and for no particular reason, the Df and I didn't gel. The new Nikon Z cameras sure looked nice, but the prices were all out of my budget. I also read quite a bit about the dizzying array of SONY mirrorless Alpha bodies. The earlier models were closer to my budget but I have read that the SONY menus can be confusing and that might discourage me.
My research eventually led me to Fujifilm’s X series of cameras, specifically the XT single digit DSLRs, aimed at pro photographers. The XTs are small, light, precise and made out of metal, reminding me of my favorite mechanical film cameras. The current model is the X-T5 and it retails for around $1700 which was more than I wanted to spend. The line started in 2014 with the X-T1 and you can find that camera on the used market from $300 to around $500. The more I read about the 16 megapixel X-T1, the more it appealed to me. Nine years is a long time in the digital world, but online reviews and You Tube videos convinced me that this camera is still a very competent performer and I could get into the Fujifilm X system with body and lens for well under a grand. As luck would have it, one of my trusted eBay sellers had a body for sale that belonged to his wife. It was well cared for and I picked it up for $350. I decided on Fuji’s kit lens, the XF 18-55mmF2.8-4 R LM OIS that I found used at Camera West in Walnut Creek, CA for $325.
My new-to-me Fujifilm X-T1 with 18-55 kit lens
Once in hand, I was immediately impressed with how well made the X-T1 is. Engraved metal, nice body covering material and a generous and comfortable grip. Even with the 18-55 zoom out front, the camera is light, easy to carry and well balanced but feels substantial. I wanted to find my way around this camera without reading the owner’s manual and to my surprise, everything is very intuitive to a long-time film photographer. I charged the battery, set the camera to automatic and took the ferry out to Alcatraz Island on a beautiful Bay Area Saturday afternoon.
Once I get to know this camera better, I will do a more detailed review. On my first day out, I kept it simple. I think the camera did a fine job of autoexposure under different kinds of lighting situations. And I got some satisfying images considering I had no idea what I was doing.
Of all of the digital cameras I have tried, the Fujifilm X-T1 seems the most natural in my hands…reminds me most of my favorite film cameras. I definitely bonded with this camera. I love the electronic view finder, fast autofocus and the Fuji film simulations. It was set on Provia this day. There are also all sorts of “recipes”available to create simulations for other film stocks including Kodachrome. The menu is easy to navigate. And transferring images from the camera to my Mac was easy peasy. I carried my X-T1 in a new Think Tank Photo Urban Access sling bag, one of the best carry bags I have ever used. I will review that soon as well.
Also nice is that for about the same price as one roll of color film and processing, I picked up an adapter that will allow me to use all of my vintage Nikon lenses on the X-T`1. Similarly priced adapters are available for my Pentax M42, Canon FD, Olympus OM and Minolta glass as well. It will be fun trying my various vintage lenses on the X-T1.
I am not by any means abandoning film photography. I love my film cameras and I love shooting film. I might limit film use to black and white, processing and scanning at home. We will see what happens to the price of film. For now, this old film dog is learning some new tricks.
This weekend I visited a town near the California coast where I used to live and the mom & pop photo store that was one of my favorite haunts. I needed film and decided I wanted to give them my business rather than ordering online. I was surprised to see a very good selection of film…Kodak, Fuji, Ilford and Cinestill. They had just received pro packs of Kodak Portra 400. Last time I checked the price of Portra 400 pro packs, they were $78. This weekend, at the local store, they were $120! Needless to say, I did not buy the Portra. However, what you see below was $107. Film photography is getting very expensive.
As a kid, I was fascinated by the technology of television production. Back in the 60s and 70s when I was growing up, you rarely got a glimpse of television cameras or other production equipment. Occasionally, directors would “break the fourth wall” allowing those of us at home a glimpse behind-the-scenes. Here’s Gene Rayburn getting testy with a cue card person on a Match Game program from 1976:
Match Game was produced at CBS Television City in Hollywood. The cameras you see in this clip were Norelco PC-70s. These cameras were manufactured by the Philips Company in Holland. When Philips wanted to sell their television cameras in the US, they were blocked from using the Philips name because its name was too similar to Philco, a US manufacturer of electronics. So, Philips used their Norelco brand (yes, same as the electric shavers) on cameras exported to the US. Ironically, some years later, Philips bought Philco. I was a pretty decent artist as a kid and remember spending hours with pad and pencil drawing television cameras from this era. These Norelcos were some of the first cameras I drew. I wish I had kept some of those drawings.
CBS used Norelco cameras in the 1960s and 70s because the other big television equipment manufacturer at the time was RCA. RCA owned rival NBC and there was no way CBS was going to put money into RCA’s coffers, so CBS bought a lot of Norelco cameras.
Over at NBC, you would occasionally get a glimpse of the cameras used by that network around the same time; the RCA TK-44. Here’s a shot of a TK-44 on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson from the early 1980s:
My childhood fascination with television and radio broadcast production eventually led to jobs as a TV production assistant, TV cameraman, commercial producer and radio disc jockey. The first TV camera I ever used professionally was a TK-44.
Over the years, TV cameras got smaller and lighter. Today’s iPhone camera makes a much better picture than any of these early tube cameras, but I never lost my fasciation with them. So much so that around 2005, I got the crazy notion in my head of trying to see if I could find one of these old cameras to display in my office in my home in Arizona. I wondered, after all of these years, did any still exist?
After months of online archeology, I unearthed some old RCA TK-44 studio cameras that had been put away in storage and I negotiated to buy one. The shipping cost more than the camera. The one I bought came to me pretty beat up so I asked my Dad, who was retired and into restoring vintage cars as a hobby, if he would have a go at a cosmetic restoration of my TK-44. He agreed and did a fine job.
Restored RCA TK-44 studio camera in my home office
While doing all of the old TV camera archeology, as sometimes happens, one thing led to another. I ended up hearing about some more old TV cameras that were sitting in storage in Burbank, California. These cameras had seen duty at CBS and NBC and were close to being sent to the dump. The price was cheap enough, but these cameras and related equipment were far too heavy to ship. If I wanted them, I would need to move them myself.
The crazy continues as I find myself on a plane to Burbank, a cab ride to the Penske truck rental place and then to a storage unit near the Burbank airport. I ended up leaving that day with a Norelco PC-70, a RCA TK-47, two pneumatic pedestals, Vinten tri-pod heads, cables and some other odds and ends. As I drove all of this stuff across the desert in a rental truck to Phoenix, I thought…”what AM I doing?”
Norelco PC-70 from CBS (background) and RCA TK-47 from NBC (foreground)
Back home, I mounted the camera on their pedestals. The RCA TK-47 you see in this photograph was the successor to the TK-44 and was RCA’s last studio camera. These cameras are very heavy. It takes two people to lift them onto these pedestals. The camera bodies snap into heads that allow the camera operator to pan and tilt. Proper adjustment of the head makes the camera perfectly balanced so it can be panned and tilted with little effort. The camera body and pan and tilt heads sit on TVP P-50 pneumatic pedestal. With their tanks filled with air, the pedestals allow the camera to easily move up and down vertically. When everything is stet up right, operating one of these cameras is really quite fun.
For years I had these two cameras in the extra stall in my garage. My neighbors thought I was nuts. In retrospect, they were right, but it was fun. When I moved to California in 2010, my vintage cameras went to a broadcast museum.
I was digging through some of my photography odds and ends this weekend looking for a 52mm clear filter and found this lens I had no idea I owned. I think perhaps it came attached to a Nikon F2 I bought years ago, but I can’t be certain. I put it away and forgot I had it.
The lens is a Nikkor-N Auto 24mm f/2.8 non-AI lens that has been factory modified to AI.
In all my years of photography, I have only shot wide angle on Leica; the 35mm Summicron. And I did some good work with that lens. Now that this lens has resurfaced, I am going to try it out. Anyone out there have any thoughts about 24mm Nikkors?
For some time now, I have been on the hunt for a very nice, chrome, early edition Nikon FM 35mm SLR. There are lots of FMs for sale on eBay, but I wanted a copy with a serial number that started with a 2 and was a three-knurled-knob version. Why? Honestly, is there really any rational reason for those of us who enjoy analog photography and making pictures with cameras that are more than 40 years old other than…I just wanted one?
During the production run of the FM from 1977 to 1982, Nikon released three versions:
The three-knurled-knob version which has knurling around the collar of the shutter release button, the ASA/shutter speed dial and the rewind crank.
The two-knurled-knob version, which has knurling around the collar of the shutter release and the ASA/shutter speed dial.
And the single-knurled-knob button, which has knurling only around the ASA/shutter speed dial.
The knurling on the shutter release collar, ASA dial and rewind crank knob make it easier to turn these knobs and…well, I just think it looks cool. There were some other refinements to the FM over the production run, but in this hunt, I was simply pursuing the cool factor.
Knurling around the shutter release collar and ASA/shutter speed dial
Knurling around the film rewind crank
The Nikon FM is a fully mechanical camera. It replaced the Nikkormat FT3 and was designed as a smaller more affordable option to Nikon’s professional F-series cameras which at that time was the F2. The FM has a built-in TTL light meter which is represented in the viewfinder as a series of three LEDs, one for overexposure, one that indicates proper exposure and one that indicates under exposure. It’s Nikon’s classic 60/40 center-weighted metering. It’s nearly foolproof. Just center the LEDs and you’re all set. Two 1.5 volt SR44 or LR44 batteries power the meter. The camera operates just fine at shutter speeds up to 1/1000th of a second without batteries.
I searched eBay for a while trying to find the version of this camera I wanted and a copy that looked well-cared for. I’ve bought enough cameras online that I can get a feel from the buyers description, photos and feedback as to whether or not I should bid or buy it now. None of the cameras I saw resonated with me. One day, one of the friends of this blog wrote me and said he was selling a few cameras, including an FM. I asked for pictures and there it was…a nice chrome three-knurled-knobbed FM!
When the camera arrived, I was pleasantly surprised to find it was in cosmetically very good shape. The shutter speeds all sounded good and the meter responded to light and seemed fairly accurate when I compared it to one of my hand-held light meters. This was however a 46-year old mechanical device and since I intended to keep and use the FM, off it went to Jim Holman at International Camera Technicians for a complete service.
I have used quite a few different camera repair techs over the years and in all that time, two stand out as simply superb; Sover Wong, the master of Nikon F2 repairs and Jim Holman. Both Sover and Jim do more than repair cameras, they completely refurbish them and bring them back to factory specifications. And both of these gentleman take detailed photos of the work they are doing on your camera.
Sover only works on the Nikon F2. Jim has repaired several Nikons for me as well as a Canon A-1. He services many other brands of cameras as well as lenses. I have a Pentax K2 that’s next in line to go to Jim.
I really thought my FM was pretty clean. It is amazing how much gunk collects inside after four decades. Here are some shots taken once Jim opened up my FM.
And of course, in any camera of this vintage, light seals and foams have mostly disintegrated. A lot of this stuff is the debris you see when you look through the viewfinder of an old camera.
As you can see, the camera got a complete tear down. As part of the process, my FM got new front leatherette panels installed.
As Jim was working on my camera, he gave me a call to tell me that mechanically, my FM was in really great shape. He said the shutter was very strong, the meter was pretty accurate and after a thorough clean, lube and adjust, this camera would last me for many years. Jim knows how much I love minty cameras and he tossed out an option that was hard to resist. He said if I wanted an absolute mint ++ FM inside and out, he would replace the top and bottom covers with new old stock, essentially giving me back as next to brand new as a 46-year old Nikon can get! I bit.
My FM arrived the following week, securely wrapped, looking and even smelling like a brand new camera. Here she is.
Nikon FM with 50mm f/1.8 AI-s Pancake lens and a 1901 Eggleston leather strap
Top view of the FM. I added a Nikon soft release and Nikon BS-1 hot shot cover to trick it out
Shooting an old mechanical camera is such a joy. Shooting one that has been refurbished and brought back to factory specifications takes things to entirely different level. The shutter speed dial on my FM now moves smoothly with nice, reassuring clicks. The film advance feels sublime. The shutter sounds so good. The viewfinder is crystal clear without any dust or debris. And yeah, I know the new smell is caused somewhat by the Pliobond adhesive that is used on the light seals, but I find it pleasurable.
The Nikon FM is a minimalist, easy to use, easy to love film SLR. The FM often gets overlooked in favor of the FM2 which offers higher maximum shutter speeds and a higher price tag or the FE or FE2 which offer aperture-priority auto exposure.
I have some Kodak T-Max 400 loaded in the FM right now and I’ve been shooting with both the 50/1.8 pancake lens and my 55m f/2.8 Micro-Nikkor. I just adore this camera!
Making pictures with a CLA’d film camera is pure joy! Photos coming soon.
Some random thoughts today…
BATTERIES—I have been using film cameras on and off since around 1974. My first camera was a Kodak Retina IIc which was a mechanical rangefinder with no on-board light meter. It did not need batteries. My second camera was a 1971 vintage Canon FTb which used a 1.35 volt 625-type mercury cell. Almost every camera I have owned since used some sort of battery. I mention this today because I am amused when I read social media posts from people who recommend fully mechanical cameras over ones with batteries because “you don’t need to worry if you are out in the field about your camera’s batteries dying.” In nearly 50 years of film photography, I have never had a battery die while out shooting. Now, I am not a professional photographer whose livelihood depends on my camera working nor do I shoot pictures when it is below zero out. But I have shot a lot of film in a lot of different cameras with batteries and have never had an issue. Watch, this weekend I’ll have one.
EBAY—I have been buying and selling on eBay since 2004. Lately, there seems to be a rash of people who bid on an item, win it and then don’t pay. I understand if every once in a while someone bids on an item and then changes their mind about the purchase. But this is happening more and more and bidders never even respond to messages asking why. What’s up?
Image courtesy of Ilford Photo
KENTMERE 100—Film prices keep going up. And my favorite emulsions always seem to be out-of-stock when I go to buy them. A few of my photographer friends have had good success with Kentmere PAN 100 film from Ilford, so I bought a few rolls. Price was $6.41/roll from B&H Photo. That’s not bad. Will be sharing results soon. It would be nice to have a go-to 100 speed black and white film that is reasonably priced.
Image courtesy of The Leica Store San Francisco
LEICA M6—Leica just released a new film camera, the M6. Well, actually, it is a re-release of an iconic camera from 1984. I owned the previous version of this camera, the M6 TTL for about a year. I bought mine from the Leica Store in San Francisco. I sold it to try a digital Leica M8. I deeply regret selling my M6. I made some of my best images with that Leica. Price for the new M6, less lens, is over $5,000. Needless to say, I will not be buying one anytime soon. Here are some shots I took with my M6 and a 35mm Summicron lens.
This was my M6. Yes, deep regret.
DOWN THE ROAD—I’ve made some really good virtual photography friends since I got back into film photography in 2010. One of the first film photography blogs I discovered was Jim Grey’s Down The Road. Jim writes about old cameras, forgotten stretches of highway and the life lessons he’s learned while exploring his passions. Jim’s blog, which he started 16 years ago, inspired me to start this one. If you haven’t already, you should go check it out.
I have a soft spot in my heart for cameras from the mid to late 1970s. It was then, during my junior high and high school years, when the seeds of my lifelong passion for photography were planted. These were the days when schools had camera clubs and we had a lively group of kids mostly shooting borrowed cameras from their parents or loaner cameras from the schools. I used my father’s Kodak Retina IIc rangefinder, but I lusted after Nikons.
Many people consider the 70s the glory years for Nikon. Their legendary Nikon F and the brand new F2 were the cameras of choice for legions of professional photographers. And in 1977, they introduced the FM, the first of the compact-F series designed to compete with the Olympus OM-1 and OM-2 which were romancing photographers with their compact size. In addition to wanting smaller, lighter camera bodies, the market also was moving towards exposure automation, so in 1978, Nikon introduced the FE.
The Nikon FE with 50mm f/1.8 AI-s pancake lens
The Nikon FE was essentially an FM with aperture-priority auto exposure. It’s a simple, durable, dependable camera with a top shutter speed of 1/1000th of a second. A camera made mostly of metal, available in chrome or all black, the FE was manufactured from 1978 to 1983 when the FE2 replaced it. The FE2 offered shutter speeds up to 1/4000th of a second.
I usually start my quest for a new camera on eBay, but on a hunch, I reached out to my friend Jim Holman at International Camera Technicians to ask if he had an FE for sale. Jim knows I am picky about the condition of the used cameras I buy and said he did not have a minty one in stock. He did however have a user condition body in the shop and would be willing to give it a complete overhaul and then replace top and bottom covers and other parts to essentially create a mint FE. That sounded sweet so I gave Jim the ok. The camera arrived a few weeks later, looking, smelling and operating just like it was brand new.
The FE and FE2 Nikons have my all time favorite viewfinder displays, just a simple analog needle readout that shows the shutter speed the camera has decided on for the aperture the photographer has selected. In manual mode, it’s a simple match-needle affair. Top of the viewfinder offers an ADR—Aperture Direct Readout, which is basically a little window that show the aperture selected on the lens barrel. Honestly, I think that the Nikon F3 would have been the world’s most perfect camera if it had the display used in the FE/FE2 and later FM3a.
The FE is pure simple analog joy to shoot. There’s a quality feel to all of the controls. The viewfinder is big and bright and easy to focus. The shutter sounds sublime. And it’s honestly hard to mess up a shot with Nikon’s classic center-weighted metering.
Cockpit of the FE: Everything you need and nothing you don’t
To round out my FE kit, I went looking for what has been called one of Nikon’s sharpest manual focus lenses; the 50mm f/1.8 AI-s Pancake. There are various version of this lens, but all of my research led to selecting the version sold originally only in Japan. These lenses have serial numbers starting with a 2. The USA version from the 1980s has more plastic, serial numbers starting with a 4 and only focuses to 2’ compared to the earlier version’s 1.5’. There was a also a much cheaper Series E version of this lens. All of the Nikon 50s are amazing lenses, but this one kept coming up as the sharpest of all. I bought mine from a trusted seller in Japan. I do love how compact this lens is…makes for a nice, lightweight kit. And it is really hard to beat the quality of Nikon’s manual focus AI-s lenses.
The Nikkor 50mm f/1.8 AI-s Pancake Lens
I shot some Kodak T-Max 100 as my first roll in the FE.
I really enjoyed shooting the FE and with the little 50/1.8 Nikkor out front, it feels like a camera I could carry more often and make more pictures. That would be a good thing. My goal is to make more pictures this year.
As a footnote, prices for film cameras have skyrocketed over the past 18 months. It makes me wish I had invested some money and bought more cameras ten years ago when they were almost free so I could sell them today, get rich and retire. Oh well. That being said, the Nikon FE, as of this writing, is still a bargain with prices hovering around $100. Find a decent one and then invest in a CLA and this is a camera you could happily shoot forever.
Product image courtesy of Cinestill
My favorite color film, Kodak’s Portra 400, has been in short supply this year. And when I can find it, it is outrageously expensive. Kodak’s other color print films; ProImage 100 and ColorPlus have been out of stock quite a bit too. So I’ve been looking for an alternative. Recently, Cinestill released 400D. D stands for “dynamic.”
Cinestill’s website says that CineStill 400 is “a fine grain daylight balanced color negative film that delivers a soft color palette with natural saturation and rich, warm skin tones. The film has a wide dynamic range with a base sensitivity of ISO 400, but can be rated from 200 to 800 and pushed up to 3200. This makes the film highly versatile, usable both indoors or in the studio, under virtually any lighting conditions.”
400D is a completely new film and unlike Cinestill’s other color films, 50D and 800T, motion picture films with the remjet layer removed, 400D is a motion picture film that was produced without a remjet layer entirely, allowing it to be developed in C-41 chemistry.
I love shooting Portra 400 at 200 ISO. I find it produces nice saturated colors and pleasing grain. I was hoping to get the same results from Cinestill. Since it was my first time using this film, I shot it at box speed in my Nikon F100 and used my Nikkor 70-300mm f/4.5 - 5.6 ED IF AF-S VR zoom. I took the Nikon with me for a walk around the neighborhood as the fall colors were at their peak in Northern California.
I finished off the roll getting a few shots of Rosie (our white Golden) and her friend Rosie (the black Lab) at the park.
Cinestill gave me impressive saturation and very warm tones. I think it has fine grain for a 400 speed film. Other than some cropping and contrast control, I did very little post processing of these images. It took me awhile to dial in Portra 400 and it’ll take me a few more rolls of this film before I am satisfied with my results. To that end, four more rolls are on order from B&H.
I am obviously not taking enough pictures these days because I found a few rolls of Kodak TMAX 400 film hiding in the back of my refrigerator with an expiration date of last November. Finding the film was a good enough reason to get the Nikon F4 out and give it some exercise.
Even with its 1980s technology, the F4 is always a joy to shoot. Easy to hold, easy to shoot, easy to love. I have always admired the way Nikon did such a wonderful job of combining that latest tech of the time with knobs and levers to create a camera body that would gently ease photographers out of the mechanical camera era into what SLRs and later DSLRs would evolve into. I love my F4.
I used my AF-D Nikkor 50mm f/1.4 lens with the F4 set on program mode.
An 18-week old Golden Retriever puppy makes a great subject…
My desk…
Me…
I shot my coffee cup with my Nikon F2AS, 55mm f/2.8 Micro-Nikkor on Kodak TMax 100 film
2022 has been a busy year personally and professionally. I’ve shot less film this year than any since 2010. And when I take less pictures, I tend not to post here very much. I miss the creative process of photography and I miss writing here, so today’s post is the nudge I need to get writing again and using my cameras more. Every Friday, or maybe some other day if the mood strikes, I am going to pour myself a cup of coffee and fire off some random thoughts about analog photography. I’m calling it Cameras & Coffee.
Today’s post was inspired by a reader who found my blog while searching for information about getting into film photography. She asked which 35mm camera I would recommend for someone new to shooting on film. My email back to her is the content of today’s Cameras & Coffee. Perhaps something here will be helpful to someone trying to sort out which camera to buy.
CANON
I have used the A-1 and F-1 Canon SLRs and the Canon P rangefinder. The A-1 is a wonderful camera. Shutter and aperture priority modes, a program mode and manual mode. Better than the AE-1 which only offers shutter priority and manual modes. The AE-1 and AE-1 Program cameras are very popular right now which is driving up cost. The A-1 is a better camera and usually less expensive. The A-1 and AE-1/AE-1P eventually develop the Canon squeal..a weird wheezing sound when you press the shutter release. Camera works fine, just sounds crazy. Even though there are all kinds of You Tube videos explaining how to fix it yourself, it’s best to have it done by a qualified tech. It’s not expensive. I have seen people do it themselves and end up with oil everywhere inside the camera. The F-1, F-1n and New F-1 bodies were Canon’s professional grade cameras. Go for the New F-1 with the AE prism finder which will allow you to shoot in manual or aperture priory auto modes. All of the F-1s are built like tanks and rated at over 100,000 clicks on the shutter. These cameras take Canon’s FD lenses which are very good and not very expensive. The Canon P was one of the rangefinders Canon made before they got into the SLR market. The Canon P takes LTM (Leica thread mount) screw-on lenses. It’s a fully manual camera with no light meter. The P is a delight to shoot and the LTM lenses, made by several manufacturers including Leica are quite amazing in quality. If you cannot afford a Leica rangefinder, the Canon rangefinders would be the next best bet. I have never shot a Canon EOS camera so I can’t comment on those.
KODAK
Kodak was best known for film and Instamatic cameras, but from the 1930s to the early 60’s, Kodak’s German factory built some very well made 35mm rangefinders; the Retina line. I have only shot the Retina IIc. It was the first 35mm camera I ever used. Belonged to my Dad. All of the Retina models are finely crafted with superb lenses. They are not expensive but most will require some sort of tune-up before the function as designed, so figure that into your budget.
LEICA
Leica is a slippery slope. Leica cameras are special. Leica lenses are very very nice. It’s easy to spend a lot of money on a Leica kit. There are three varieties of Leica cameras. Leica Screw Mount: These were the first Leica 35mm rangefinders made from the 1930s through the 50s. They are also called Barnack Leica, named after the man who designed them; Oskar Barnack. Beautiful to look at and a bit quirky to load and shoot. If you don’t mind learning what you are doing with these cameras and fiddling a bit when shooting, the Leica screw mount cameras are an affordable way to get started with Leica. Leica M Rangefinders: The cameras everyone associates with Leica. There are several M models. I had three, the M2, M3 and M6TTL. They were wonderful cameras that I mated with a 50mm Leica Summicron lens. Made some of my most satisfying images with the M6, which Leica just re-introduced this month. If you love shooting rangefinder cameras and have the budget, you should aspire to a Leica M. Leica R Series: The Leica R series was Leica’s attempt at the SLR market. The line-up includes the R3, R4, R5, R6, R6.2, R7, R8 and R9. Some of the R camera were joint ventures with Minolta, some were solo Leica. When working properly, the Leica R cameras are wonderful. With the exception of the R6 and R6.2, all of these cameras incorporate electronics that can fail, rendering the camera useless. Parts are scarce and there are few techs left who will work on them. I have been lucky. I have owned the R3 through the R7 and never had any issues, but your mileage may vary. Leica’s R lenses used to be one of the most affordable ways to shoot Leica glass, but there are people who love adapted these lenses to cinema work and that has driven up the costs. Leica cameras hold their value and most of them appreciate. Every Leica I have purchased has resulted in a profit when sold, even after years of shooting.
MINOLTA
Only from the mind of Minolta. Back in the day, Minolta was a camera technology leader. This Japanese company made a huge variety of rangefinder, point-and-shoot and SLR cameras. I’ve only owned a few and my Minolta relationships have been love-hate. When the cameras are working, I love ‘em, but several I have owned have died instant deaths out in the field. Failed electronics. The X-700 SLR is very popular right now. Minolta sold tons of these back in the day so they are plentiful. And there are still some camera techs out there who can service them if needed. I have owned three X-700s and two developed issues. The one I have now is working just fine. I also had a XD-s. The XD cameras are very well made, metal bodies. The XD-s has a built in viewfinder diopter which is nice for people with aging eyes like me. Minolta makes fine lenses too.
NIKON
I am a Nikon guy. I have owned more Nikon cameras than any other brand. I have never had a Nikon die in the field. Never had a Nikon die anywhere. The only service I have ever had done on any Nikon is a CLA (clean-lubricate-adjust) for peace of mind. Nikon Professional Camera: These are the original F, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6. I have just started shooing the F Photomic FTn. I had mine CLA’d and it is a wonderful camera to use. First roll coming soon. Some say Nikon’s F2 bodies were the finest mechanical SLRs ever made by anyone. I loved my F2s, but as my eyes have aged, I find I cannot find any suitable diopter to allow clear focusing. I have no idea why as I should have this same issue with my F, but don’t. The F2 bodies are very very nice and there are several different prism finders you can add to any F2 body that give you different metering an lens adaptability options. My Nikon F3 is the camera I will probably take to my grave. Nikon’s first electronic pro grade body and first with aperture priority auto exposure. The F3 oozes quality. Great choice for newbie film photographers. The F4 was Nikon’s first auto focus pro body and first one with matrix metering which is still used in digital Nikons. I love my F4 even with its slow 1980s auto focus technology. The F5 is a beast of a camera. I had one but it was too big. The F6 was Nikon’s last film SLR, sold new just until recently. Nikon FM, FM2, FM2n, FE, FE2, FA This is the line up of cameras that I most often recommend to people just getting into or rediscovering analog photography. These cameras were designed for advanced amateurs but many professional carried them as well…they are that good. The FM, FM2 and FM2n are manual cameras with built in meter. The FM2 and FM2n offered mechanical shutter speeds up to 1/4000th of a second! The FE and FE2 offer manual aperture-priority auto exposure modes. The FE2 gives you the option of 1/4000th of second top shutter speed like the FM2 and FM2n. The FA is the most technologically advanced body of this line with matrix metering and multiple exposure modes. It is also the one most prone to failure with all of its electronics. Nikon F100: The last Nikon SLR I will mention is the F100. The F100 was introduced in 1999. It’s an auto-focus camera with multiple exposure modes, matrix metering, built in motor drive and all kinds of other bells and whistles. While the F is not built to the standards of the F5 or F6, it packs many of the same features as those professional cameras. Because the F100 is not on most people’s radar, prices for this camera stay low. The F100 is a helluva camera for not a lot of money.
OLYMPUS
Small, lightweight SLRs with jewel-like quality, the Olympus OM single digit bodies are very capable cameras that exude quality and craftsmanship. I have the OM-1n and OM-2n. I love my manual everything OM-1n with a 50mm F/1.4 Olympus Zuiko lens. The OM-1 and OM-1n need a conversion to accept modern batteries. Many techs do this during a CLA. The OM-2 and OM-2n take modern batteries and offer aperture priority auto exposure. I would not hesitate to recommend either of these cameras.
PENTAX
Starting with the oldest first, the Pentax Spotmatic. If you really want to learn photography, these are the cameras to look at. The Spotmatic series was made from the early 1960s to the mid 1970s. They were one of the first SLR cameras to have built-in through the lens light meters. Early versions of this cameras use stop-down metering, meaning you stop the lens down to your taking aperture to take the light meter reading. This is a manual process that is cumbersome at first, second nature later on. It also lets you begin to understand the relationship of shutter speed and lens aperture to proper exposure. The later Spotmatic F cameras featured open aperture metering. The Spotmatics are very well built. If you find a nice one, it can be CLA’d very reasonably and will be faithful photographic companion for many years. The Spotmatics take M42 universal screw mount lenses. The Pentax Takumar lenses are extraordinary and most are very affordable. Many people adapt Takumar M42 lenses to mirrorless digital cameras. Pentax followed up the Spotmatic line with a new lens mount…the K mount and a new series of cameras; KX, KM, K2, K1000. These are essentially Spotmatic bodies that accept K mount lenses. I have the K2, which offers aperture priority auto exposure. I love my K2. Pentax also introduced a series of smaller SLR bodes that accept K mount lenses; the ME, ME Super and MX. the ME and ME Super offer auto exposure. The MX is a fully manual camera with built in light meter. Pentax also released a pro body, the LX, also using K mount lenses. The Pentax LX is an amazing camera with a great metering system, interchangeable finders and other accessories. The Achilles heel of the LX is its electronics, which have not aged well. I have owned 4 LX bodies and all of them had electronic issues that needed to be addressed. Luckily, Eric Hendrickson, the Pentax guru was still repairing the LX when I had mine. I understand he no longer does. The other issue is LX sticky mirror syndrome. Pentax used some weird bumper foam in the LX that, over time, turns to hard to remove goo. This caused the mirror to stick when the shutter is replaced.
IN CONCLUSION
There are a lot of great film cameras to choose from, but the reality check is that even the newest of these cameras is well over 20 years old. Just think of buying a 20 year old car. No matter how well taken care of, it is going to need some TLC, so budget in some service. Choose the simplest camera you can. Mechanical cameras are generally much cheaper to repair than ones with electronics. And there are more techs who work on mechanical cameras than electronic cameras. My personal picks for a starter camera would be any of the Nikon F series…FM, FM2, FM2n, FE or FE2, the Olympus OM-1 or OM-1n or a Pentax Spotmatic.
Happy Shooting!
Working on my photo book and looking back through lots of images. This one is from September, nine years ago. I was using my Nikon F2AS, 50mm f/1.4 Nikkor on Kodak Tri-X. I was in Alamo Square Park in San Francisco, looking for a good vantage point to get a shot of the famed “Painted Ladies.” I lucked out that this couple was kind enough to provide some foreground interest.
I miss using the Nikon F2. For some reason, as my eyes have aged, I have been unable to find a suitable screw-in diopter for any of the F2 finders that give me clear enough vision to focus. It is the only camera that I have this trouble with. I am told that I could have an eyeglass shop make me a custom lens that I could fit into the Nikon diopter mount, but that seems like a lot of work. Oddly enough, my new-to-me Nikon F with a Photomic FTn finder with no diopter at all does not give me the same trouble.
I guess I have always been a Nikon guy. Back in the 1970s when I was learning photography with my father’s Kodak Retina IIc, I lusted after a Nikon F2. I remember looking at the ads in Modern Photography magazine, drooling over a camera I knew I would never be able to afford.
When I got back into photography seriously again twenty some years later, I finally could afford a Nikon and bought their top level advanced amateur SLR, the N90s. Shot a lot of film with that camera and also finally got around to building a real darkroom in my home.
Fast forward again another twenty years and we’re far into the digital age. I am living on the Northern California coast with so much beauty around me. I get the itch to start making pictures again and just for fun, check out film camera prices on eBay. To my amazement, an array of fabulous old film cameras can be found for next to nothing. I bid and win on my first one; a Nikon FE2 that began my re-entry to film photography.
From 2010 until now, I’ve tried Minlotas and Canons, a Contax, a Mamiya, Yashica, Rolleicord, Polaroid, Pentax, Kodak and Voigtlander. And I went deep down the Leica rabbit hole. It’s been an amazing and educational journey. The only regret I have is not having the vision to buy more old film cameras back in 2010 when prices were low. With the resurgence of analog photography, I could have made a nice profit today.
Other than Nikon, the only cameras I have left are the Canon A-1 and Minolta X-700. My Nikon collection consists of a FM2n, FE, F, EL2, F100, F3 and F4. I have a small collection of Nikkor lenses…some primes, my Micro-Nikkor and 70-300 AF zoom I recently bought for the F100.
I feel pretty content right now with my gear. I have film in my new-to-me Nikon F that recently came back from a full CLA by Jim Holman. I’m enjoying shooting this legacy Nikon more than I had expected. I still have to run the EL2 through its paces. And I am anxious to try the auto-focus version of the 55mm f/2.8 Micro-Nikkor lens I just picked up for a song on eBay on my F4. The manual focus version of this lens is one of my favorites.
I think it is interesting after trying all of these different cameras that I have come full circle to right back where I started from—Nikon.
I’ve had a few rolls of Kodak’s 5222 Double-X screaming at me from the refrigerator for a while now. Every time I go grab a roll of black and white film, I skip over the Double-X and go for Tri-X or HP4. I’m not sure why because every time I shoot this fine film, I love the results I get.
If you’re not familiar with Double-X, it was introduced by Kodak in 1959 as a motion picture film. It’s a 250 ISO film with reasonably fine grain that delivers what I consider a vintage black and white look. Over the years, it’s been used on some great films like Schindler’s List, Raging Bull, Casino Royale and Psycho. 250 ISO makes Double-X a pretty capable general purpose black and white film but there’s one caveat; Double-X does not have the same exposure latitude of other black and white films…maybe a stop over or under and that’s about it. Nail your exposure though and this film delivers.
I loaded up my Pentax K2 with some Double-X on a sunny Sunday late afternoon. My lens was the SMC Pentax-M 50mm f/1.7. I was grilling some chicken and playing with the dogs.
It’s alway nice to sip a nice glass of Cab while grilling.
I really like the tonal range of this film with nice inky blacks and bright whites. All of the in-betweens look very pleasing as well. It’s easy to blow out the whites if you’re not careful. The grain is definitely there, but it does have a cinematic look to it.
I had also forgotten how much I enjoy taking pictures with my Pentax K2. I need to use it more often and also need to stop reaching over the Double-X in favor of other films. There’s a reason Hollywood has been using this film for over 60 years.
I became interested in photography in the early 1970s, shooting pictures with my Dad’s Kodak Retina IIc and dropping the film off at the corner drugstore for developing. Home darkrooms were a popular hobby among kids in those days and a few of my friends were developing and printing their own black and white film at home in makeshift darkrooms, so I set one up in my parent’s basement laundry room. All of the paraphernalia and chemicals bothered my mother to no end.
I put photography aside for many years to raise a family, getting bit by the bug again in the mid 1990s. I bought a Nikon N90s and built my dream darkroom in an extra stall in my garage. A divorce forced photography to the back burner again around 2000.
I moved to California in late 2010 and one night, while browsing eBay, just for fun, I started looking at old film cameras. I could not believe how inexpensive they had become. Just for kicks, I bought a Nikon FE2 for I think $60. That FE2 got me back into film photography. Over the past 12 years, I’ve been fortunate to have been able to afford, acquire, use and mostly sell for a profit, lots of legendary film cameras. These were the cameras I drooled over as a kid, while flipping through the pages of Modern Photography magazine. I never could have imagined that someday I would own the cameras I lusted after then.
Over the years, I have photographed many of the cameras and other photo gear I have owned. I’ve used the photos on this blog, on social media or some I’ve just shot for fun. A few are hanging in my den at home. Some of these I shot with whatever iPhone I had at the time. The others were taken with either the Nikon F2 or FM2n and the fabulous 55mm f/2.8 Micro-Nikkor on Kodak T-Max 400 or the original Fuji Acros. These are some of my favorites.
The FE2 that started it all
My Nikon F100 is the most modern camera I own. I also think it just might be the best film camera ever made.
Introduced in 1999, the F100 cost just over $1400 new. Nikon’s professional body at the time was the F5, priced at just over $3,000. I have owned and used both of these cameras and I will tell you that the F100 does just about everything the F5 does in a lighter, easier to manage package. The F100’s matrix metering is always spot on. It has super fast, incredibly quiet autofocus, especially with my Nikkor 50mm AF-S f/1.8 G lens out front. The viewfinder is big, bright and full of useful information. The F100 is pretty close to being the pinnacle of film SLR technology. Only the F6 is more advanced, but not by leaps and bounds. The best part…these cameras sell today for under two hundred bucks! The only complaint F100 owners talk about is the film door latch breaking, but I’ve had my F100 for years and have never had a problem.
If a digital SLR user wanted to shoot film, the F100 would be an easy transition. The F100 almost loads film itself. All you have to do is open the back, drop in the film canister, pull the film leader across to the red stripe and close the door. One light tap on the shutter release and the camera spools up the film, advances to the first frame and cocks the shutter. Set the camera in Program mode and the F100 will do all of the heavy lifting for you. Nikon’s famous matrix metering system will make sure every frame is perfectly exposed. At the end of the roll, the camera will rewind the film back into the canister.
Besides the capability of this camera, what really makes it the best ever film camera ever made is how affordable this thing is today. With careful shopping, you can probably get a body and an older AF-D Nikkor and stay well under three hundred bucks, maybe less. The F100 is an extremely reliable, well made, rugged, feature packed film camera that offers the user fully automated or fully manual shooting. And it’s a platform for a wide variety of some of the best lenses made. The F100 is a real value and an amazing camera. This end of the film era Nikon is a gem. I love mine.
A few weeks ago, I took my F100, loaded with some Kodak Color Plus to Timber Cove on California’s Sonoma Coast. Here are a few shots from that day.
I had some Kodak Ektar 100 in the refrigerator that was nearing expiration. To put it to good use, I took a walk in my garden with my Nikon FE and 55mm f/2.8 Micro-Nikkor lens. I suppose if I really had to sell all of my Nikon lenses and hold on to just one, this 55 would be that lens. Its macro-photography capabilities are amazing and it’s also a great, fast walk around normal lens.
Kimmie, our Golden Retriever, hung out with me and mostly napped while I shot these. She woke up momentarily to let me snap this photo. I imagine it must have felt good to snooze in the cool grass on a warm, late spring day.
I always finish my rolls with a mirror selfie. Helps me remember which camera and lens I used to shoot a roll.
I love Ektar 100 and would shoot it more often if it wasn’t so crazy expensive.
I have decided to make Kodak Tri-X my primary black and white film stock this year. I haven’t shot Tri-X consistently enough to really get to know it well, so this is a good exercise for me.
A few weeks back, I took a road trip up the coast to the little town of Point Arena, California and brought along my Nikon FM2n, 50mm f/1.8 Nikkor AI-s lens and a few 24 exposure rolls of Tri-X. Here are some of the shots that pleased me the most.
I had forgotten how much I enjoy taking pictures with my FM2n. It’s a manual everything minimalist SLR that really gets out of your way. I almost sold it late last year because prices for these bodies have really gone up. I’m glad I didn’t.
I am currently shooting two new-to-me cameras. I have never owned or shot either of these in the past. Reviews coming. Stay tuned.
Nikon EL2. A camera that was only in production for one year: 1977
Nikon F Photomic FTN
The author with his Nikon FM2n, shooting some Kodak Tri-X in Point Arena, CA
This is a blog about film photography and vintage gear, so I don’t talk much about myself or my political beliefs, but it’s hard not to feel sad and have some anxiety about the state of affairs in our country right now. I am 62 and I have never seen our country so polarized. There’s always been a right and a left, but I feel that, in the past, there were more people willing to walk towards the center and have a thoughtful dialogue. We would work together as Americans and get some positive things done. At least listen to the other side and think about it.
I’m from Upstate New York and the young man who went to Buffalo and killed innocent people comes from near where I grew up. I can’t imagine the anger and mental instability in someone that would cause them to do that. And I am horrified to hear that there are online groups that are given a platform to spread such hate. That the algorithms of these platforms even encourage this kind of content in order to sell advertising is utterly irresponsible. And honestly, do we really need to be manufacturing and selling these military style automatic weapons that can easily be modified to become mass killing machines by watching a how-to video on You Tube?
New Mexico is on fire. California is years into historic drought. The Colorado River is drying up along with big lakes that supply water to millions in the west. Huge chunks of glaciers are falling off into the ocean up at the top of the world. Historic heat waves are gripping many parts of the world. I’m watching all this while way too many people in our country, including those that can really make changes, continue to deny that anything is happening. They refuse to even listen to the science and consider that the science might just be right.
I grew up being taught that America is the greatest democracy in the world, but democracy is very fragile. It isn’t to be taken for granted. It only works if every American gets equal access to participate.
I began my career in broadcasting and over-the-air radio and television stations were held to a high set of standards with regards to delivered content. News was news and opinions were clearly identified as such. These days, mostly unregulated “news” channels are allowed to spew unchecked information and conspiracy theories as news. Many people belief this stuff, further dividing us. People I know who were, in the past, kind and reasonable, are now repeating and spreading hateful distortions.
I am sad and sometimes very angry. All this makes me anxious too and I don’t like feeling this way. I’ve decided to find my own ways to cope.
As much as I don’t like to disconnect, I am going to watch less news and consume more uplifting content.
I am going to see if there are things I can do in my own community to make a positive contribution in some very small but meaningful way.
I am going to spend more time getting out with my cameras and making photographs. The creative process energizes me and is good food for my soul. The exercise and fresh air doesn’t hurt either.
I am working on a photo book of black and white images I’ve made since living in California. Curating the content for that book has made me feel so fortunate to have spent the last decade living in such a beautiful place. I might try and sell the book. At the very least, I’ll put a copy on my coffee table.
I still have faith that we are going to turn this ship but it’s a big ship and big ships take a lot of time to turn. I don’t have tons of time left in my life so I am gong to do what I can to have an impact in a good way. And I am going to lean hard into my photography.